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Flexibility in operation (Capacity utilization)
    If equipment capacity has any allowance
    (meaning big enough capacity)
      - Study possibility of reduce No. of machines in operation (including new control system)
      - Try Step-1 (no cost) category of EE&C measures (shown later), such as lowering distillation pressure
Deterioration in performance, on-stream maintenance and turnaround work
    - Minimize Process efficiency deterioration
      Examples:
        Tray efficiency
        Fouling of HE
        Scaling of equipment inner surfaces
        Catalyst activity
    - Minimize downtime
      Avoid breakdown maintenance
      Long run (between turnarounds)
    - On-stream maintenance
III. EE&C Measures
    1. Distillation, Extraction & Absorption
    2. Fired heaters
    3. Reactors/catalyst regenerators
    4. Heat exchangers, heating and cooling
    5. Steam and electrical power
    6. Rotating machines and other equipment
    7. Process, instrumentation and management system
    8. Material loss prevention and others
EE&C Measures
    Step-1 (No cost)
      - Management and control of operation
      - Within the range of routine maintenance
    Step-2 (Low cost)
      - With small or medium size of investment
    Step-3 (High investment)
      - With big size of investment
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