ECCJ / TextReport / India / Energy Conservation Activities including Case Study in Pulp & Paper Sector

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India

2. Breakdown of energy composition

The breakdowns of energy compositions are shown in graph form, in Figures 1 to 7, for the sake of clarity.

2-1 Breakdown of total primary energy (Figure 1)

Black liquor (36.4%) > C Heavy oil (29.7%) > Coal (21.4%) > Purchased electric power (7.1%) > Others (5.4%)
Black liquor is positioned as the largest energy source in the paper and pulp industry.

2-2 Breakdown of purchased energy (Figure 2)

Heavy oil (49.6%) > Coal (34.6%) > Purchased electric power (11.5%) > Others (4.3%)
As indicated, there has been an apparent trend in recent years to take petroleum out of use, and the percentage of coal has been increasing.

2-3 Breakdown of self-generating energy (Figure 3)

Black liquor (95.0%) > Hydraulic power (2.2%) > Paper sludge (1.4%) > Barks (1.3%) > Methane (0.1%)
Black liquor occupies almost the whole proportion. The share of hydraulic power declines with each passing year because no new hydraulic power plant has been constructed. The shares of barks, paper sludge and methane are small, but they are effectively used for waste disposal and heat recovery.

2-4 Breakdown of heat consumption (Figure 4)

Purchased (62%) > Self-generating (38%)
Generally, at the mills except mills exclusively for unbleached pulp, the dependence on purchased energy is large.

2-5 Breakdown of power consumption (Figure 5)

Electric power for production process (88.4%) > Electric power for power generation, station-service power (11.6%)
The majority of electric power is consumed in pulp manufacturing and production processes of sheet making, processing and finishing.

2-6 Breakdown of vapor consumption (Figure 6)

Vapor for power generation, station-service power (51.5%) > Vapor for production process (48.5%)
Vapor is used for power generation in larger quantity than for production processes. This indicates that private power generation has an important part to supply electricity to production processes that consume power in large quantities.

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