ECCJ / TextReport / India / Energy Conservation Activities including Case Study in Pulp & Paper Sector

ECCJ / TextReport

India

2-7 Breakdown of electric power compositions (Figure 7)

Thermal power (83.7%) > Purchased power (14.0%) > Hydroelectric power (1.7%) > Internal combustion power (0.7%)
Compared to the other industries, the percentage of private power generation in the paper and pulp industry is large, 84%, because of its increased superiority by cogeneration and the decreased unit price by development of boilers for higher temperature and higher pressure services.
In recent years, application of gas turbines has been increasing, leading to more internal combustion power generation.

2-8 Yield of black liquor (Figure 8)

Figure 8 shows the yields of black liquor per ton of production of all chemical pulps including SP and SCP as well as KP, for each company.
These values vary with pulp yield or the kind of pulp. Therefore, they should be used for reference.

* These data indicated above are summaries of the data submitted by 8 companies except TOMOEGAWA Co., Ltd., which does not have facility for pulp.

3. Breakdown of energy intensity

For 9 companies, total primary energy unit consumption (Figure 9), vapor unit consumption (Figure 10), electric power unit consumption (Figure 11), and electric power composition ratio (Figure 12) are shown.
It must be noted here that these values presented by the companies must not be regarded simply as criteria of judgment for good or bad. Therefore, as one example, the composition of paper and paperboard products and that of the kinds of pulp (see Figures 13 and 14), and the correlations between these kinds of products and unit consumptions were surveyed.
The results are shown in Figures 15 to 20.
Figures15, 16 and 17 show the correlations between the proportion of coating paper and communication paper and total primary energy unit consumption, the proportion of coating paper and communication paper and process vapor consumption, the proportion of coating paper and communication paper and process electric power consumption, respectively, in graph form. According to these graphs, it is found that the companies which manufacture so-called higher-value-added products in larger percentage tend to present higher consumptions.
In Figure 18, it is clearly shown that the companies which manufacture newsprint paper in larger percentage present the larger production ratio of mechanical pulp, presenting higher process power energy consumptions. In addition, the energy intensity varies with the kind of pulp manufactured, too. As shown in Figure 20, the companies which manufacture chemical pulps in larger percentage present the larger ratio of black liquor consumption, and as a matter of course, present the lower purchased energy unit consumption.
As described above, the energy status varies with the kind of product and pulp manufactured. Therefore, there is little point in simple comparison of energy intensities of the companies.
Furthermore, this survey was conducted concerning unit consumptions, but the most important point in energy measures is not energy intensity but cost minimum. More specifically, as far as the energy cost is low, a higher energy intensity may be acceptable. In a broader sense, the total cost minimum for energy cost, chemical agent cost, service water and waste water costs, labor costs, etc. is the final target.

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