ECCJ / AOTS Malaysia training course

Malaysia

Industry type of the audited factory

Proposals by the audit report - 1

Proposals by the audit report - 2

Energy conservation rate of proposal (based on the audit report)

Energy cost ratio by industry type

Number of audits
The one-day audits for the small and medium industries (SMEs) are handled by the Small Business Corporation. The measurement diagnoses are those including measurements by brought-in instruments, recording and analysis, consisting of (1 day for instrument installation + 2 to 3 days' data collection + 1 day for withdrawing). Subsequently, analysis and report preparation are done for which fees are charged (but the fees are taken care of by the Small Business Corporation). The audits for large-scale factories (type 1 factories) are handled by NEDO. The pay audits are done exclusively by ECCJ. Business enterprises do not pay for software-type works. In fiscal 2004, ECCJ conducted "energy conservation + management standards" diagnoses for buildings.

Energy Conservation of Combustion - air ratio and air preheating

Content
2 Optimization of air ratio
3 The air ratio is calculated from the O2 content (O2%) in the exhaust gas.
4 Larger air ratio leads to larger heat loss with the exhaust gas.
5 Fuel saving by air ratio improvement
6 Effect of air ratio reduction
7 Criteria for air ratio (standard values)
8 Criteria for air ratio (target value)
9 Energy conservation by air preheating
10 Utilization of waste heat of exhaust gas - air preheating
11 Criteria for exhaust gas temperature
12 Criteria for factories

Optimization of air ratio

The excess air for combustion such as that in a boiler contributes only to an increase in heat loss with the exhaust gas.
The degree of excess air is expressed by air ratio. The air ratio at 1 (one) represents the theoretical combustion.
The air ratio is expressed by 21/(21-O2%) where O2 is oxygen content in the exhaust gas.
The Criteria of the Law for Rational Use of Energy set both standard and target values of air ratios for boilers and industrial furnaces.

The "air ratio" is calculated from the O2% of the exhaust gas.

The simplified equation for obtaining the air ratio is:
Air ratio = 21/(21 - O2% value)
where O2 is the oxygen content obtained by analysis
(dray base value).
Normally, the air ratio may be calculated by this equation. The criteria of the Law Concerning Rational Use of Energy specify this equation.
As the air ratio becomes large, the difference between the result obtained by the simplified equation and the real value becomes large. (See the graph.)
The air ratio is defined as greal air value/theoretical air volume.
The air ratio of 1 (one) represents an ideal state in which no more than required air is used for combustion (theoretical combustion).
The air in excess of air ratio at 1 (one) is called "excess air" which causes heat loss by carrying out air from the stack at heated state.
The air ratio short of 1 (one) causes incomplete combustion, associated with the incomplete combustion heat loss.

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